Surprise! 100% of Workers in This Country Invest in Stocks
I’m on a two-week working vacation cruise to Scandinavia with my wife and daughter (who is a figure skater on board the Explorer of the Seas).
In exploring the European countries of Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Sweden, I was surprised by the incredible economic growth of these countries since the end of World War II. I was especially impressed with one country in particular, Sweden, which is now the fourth-richest country in the world in terms of per capita wealth.
Mark Skousen and Jonas Grafström of the Ratio Institute pose in front of the Stockholm School of Economics.
Is Sweden a Socialist Paradise?
Most people think of Sweden as a socialist paradise.
At this year’s FreedomFest, Marxist professor Barry Eidlin (McGill University in Canada) debated John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods Market, on the question, “Which model is best for prosperity for all, democratic socialism or capitalism?” In the debate, Mackey and others in the audience asked Professor Eidlin repeatedly, “Name a country where socialism has been a success?”
Professor Eidlin hesitated but eventually pointed to Nordic countries like Sweden as a positive experiment in socialism.
Socialist Experiment in Sweden Leads to Financial Disaster
However, it turns out that the Swedish success story is not due so much to socialism but to a shift away from socialist policies ever since a financial crisis hit the country in 1992.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Sweden adopted a quasi-socialist state, with big government, high levels of taxation and a “cradle to grave” welfare state that paid for education, medical care and retirement benefits.
But the result was an over-bloated state that led to a financial crisis in the early 1990s. As Swedish economist Johan Norberg opined, “We tried socialism and it was a disaster. Our economy was in crisis, inflation reached 10 percent and for a brief period interest rates soared to 500 percent. At that point the Swedish population just said, ‘Enough, we can’t afford this.’”
Swedish political leaders joined together to resolve the crisis. While still maintaining a large welfare state, Sweden cut both taxes and public spending, privatized the national rail network, abolished certain government monopolies, eliminated inheritance taxes, sold state-owned businesses and switched to a school voucher system.
Public Pensions Privatized, Stock Market Booms
Most importantly, Sweden reformed its social security pension system. To avoid the unfunded liability problem that plagues most Western nations, Sweden switched largely to a defined contribution plan.
That sent a clear signal about the importance of long-term savings and created good financial habits.
For the first time, Swedes began investing in the stock market.
As a result, Swedes are the world champions in mutual-fund investing. Today, 100% of working Swedes have some part of their government pension savings in mutual funds.
It was good timing, amid the beginning of a long equity market rally that has continued for 30 years.
“Fund saving has contributed to the fact that private individuals have benefited from the fantastic stock market development we’ve seen over the past 30 years,” commented Johanna Kull, a savings adviser at Avanza in Sweden. “It’s a strong contributing factor to Swedes’ savings being at record levels today.”
Sweden’s fund savings represented more than 30% of Swedish households’ financial wealth in 2018. In 1980, it was less than 1%.
That wealth also increasingly has found its way outside the country. While in 1990, 86% of stock investments were in funds investing in Sweden, they accounted for only 25% in 2018. Diversifying abroad has paid off.
Free Markets Work
John Stossel summarized the Swedish story in a ReasonTV report, “Many people think Sweden is socialist, but its success comes from free markets.”
Today, the Heritage Foundation’s Economic Freedom Index now ranks Sweden higher than the United States, although the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom Index places America higher. And among Swedish retirees, 80% are invested in stocks, almost double the share of U.S. households that invest.
Norberg hosted a documentary called Sweden: Lessons for America?, in which he noted that, in Sweden, “the government doesn’t own the means of production. To see that you have to go to Venezuela or Cuba or North Korea.”
Norberg adds, “We do have a bigger welfare state than the U.S. and higher taxes than the U.S. But in other areas, when it comes to free markets, when it comes to competition, when it comes to free trade, Sweden is actually more free market.”
Upcoming Conference
Philadelphia MoneyShow, Sept. 26-28, Philadelphia 201 Hotel: I’ll be making a special appearance dressed as Ben Franklin! Other speakers include Ken Fisher, Dennis Gartman, Tom Sosnoff and John Buckingham. You can obtain free admission to the MoneyShow as my guest by calling 1-800-970-4355 and by mentioning pass code 048316.
Good investing, AEIOU,
Mark Skousen
You Blew It!
If Only Fidel Castro Had Followed in His Father’s Footsteps
From November 8-16, my wife and I were planning our first trip to Cuba, along with 85 FreedomFest attendees. We wanted to see firsthand the impact of communism on the island. Then President Trump suddenly canceled U.S.-based cruises to Cuba. Now we are going on a “Mayan Mosaics” cruise to Mexico and Central America at a substantial discount. Please consider joining us. Details can be found here.
We are also doing a one-day conference in Miami on Friday, Nov. 8, on “The New Cuba” for investors. For more information, contact Valerie or Nathan at 1-855-850-3733, ext. 202.
I will be giving a talk on Latin America and why communism has been so attractive to revolutionaries like Cuba’s Fidel Castro. In preparation for this lecture, I am reading the new biography, “The Young Castro: The Making of a Revolutionary,” by Jonathan M. Hansen.
In reading his ground-breaking story, I learned that Fidel Castro’s father, Angel Castro, was a Spanish immigrant who came from a conservative peasant family and eventually became a wealthy entrepreneur and businessman in Cuba. He had over 400 employees on his finca in the mountains of central Cuba. He often took in poor Cubans who were searching for work during bad economic times such as the Great Depression.
Starting out poor and illiterate, he was determined to educate his children. Unfortunately, his son Fidel got the wrong education about capitalism. His teachers introduced him to the readings of Marx, Lenin and other socialist thinkers and he thus started on the road to communism and the overthrow of the Batista regime.
Although Angel rightly resented the American exploitation of Cuba’s sugar industry, he was a staunch capitalist. When leaders tried to organize the workers at one of Angel’s stores, he made his views clear. As one worker put it, “Angel and Lina [his wife and Fidel’s mother] had no tolerance for communism.”
Angel died at the age of 80 in 1956. In 1958, Fidel and Raul Castro engaged in a coup d’etat of Batista’s Cuba and converted the entire nation to state-controlled communism. Angel must have been turning over in his grave.
